ARITHMETICS

INTRODUCTION

Arithmetic is a branch of mathematics dealing with numerical calculations. The study of numbers is important as it is the basis in the study of mathematics and we will use them frequently in our daily life whether we are at home or at the outside world.

In this unit we will be introduce to the different types of numbers and how to express them to the required accuracy.

We will then learn how to compute numbers involving any combination of the four basic operations, that is, to add, subtract, multiply and divide numbers and also brackets with and without the use of calculator.

Lastly, we will be introduce to the rules of numbers, that is, the commutative, associative and distributive law of numbers.

OPERATION OF NUMBER


There are 4 basic operation of number:
Addition (+), Subtract ( - ), Multiply ( x ) and Division (÷)


Learn how to add, subtract, multiply and divide.

COMBINE OPERATION


If the question have all of the operations, work from left to right.


REMEMBER THIS!!

B	Bracket	( )
O	Off	/
D	Division	÷
M	Multiplication	x
A	Addition	+
S	Substraction	–

Watch this video!!

APPROXIMATION

We are usually required to write a number in the form of word or figure. For example, writing check , billing or receipt by using ringgit and sen. Therefore, it is important to us to know the value of digit in a number according to its place value.

Place Value


Example :


1 234 567 . 893


It can be explain by the sum of :


1 000 000               ~ Million
   200 000               ~ Hundred Thousand 
     30 000               ~ Ten Thousand
       4 000               ~ Thousand
          500               ~ Hundred
            60               ~ Ten
              7               ~ Ones or Unit
              0. 8           ~ Tenths
              0. 09         ~ Hundredths
              0. 003       ~ Thousandths

Rounding Whole Numbers

In order to round off whole numbers to a certain place values to tens, hundreds, etc, In this case you replace the removed digits with zero.

Examples	Because ...
134.9 rounded to tens is 130	... the next digit (4) is less than 5
12,690 rounded to thousands is 13,000	... the next digit (6) is 5 or more
1.239 rounded to units is 1	... the next digit (2) is less than 5

Rounding Decimals

First you need to know if you are rounding to tenths, or hundredths, etc. 

Remember! In decimal numbers we cannot replace the removed digits with zero.

Examples	Because ...
3.1416 rounded to hundredths is 3.14	... the next digit (1) is less than 5
1.2635 rounded to tenths is 1.3	... the next digit (6) is 5 or more
1.2635 rounded to 3 decimal places is 1.264	... the next digit (5) is 5 or more